Distribution of Medical Illnesses among Pakistani Hajj Pilgrims: Experience of the Pakistan Hajj Medical Mission during Hajj 2024

Abstract

Background: Hajj pilgrimage, which takes place in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is the largest mass gathering of Muslims. The diverse crowd with varying demographic profiles, immunity levels and disease exposure, creates an environment that facilitates the transmission of infectious diseases.

Objective: To observe the frequency, patterns and gender distribution of medical illnesses among Pakistani Hajj Pilgrims attending the medical facilities of the Pakistan Hajj Medical Mission during Hajj 2024.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Pakistan Hajj Medical Mission (PHMM) hospitals /dispensaries in Makkah (Mission hospitals) and Medina from May to July 2024. All Pakistani Hajj pilgrims attending PHMM hospitals outpatients were included in study. Data collected using a specially designed proforma was analyzed.

Results A total of 168,884 patients received medical consultations at outpatient departments of these hospitals during the Hajj pilgrimage, with a male to female ratio of 60:40. A total of 81 deaths occurred during the 10-week Hajj pilgrimage period. Respiratory tract infections and musculoskeletal disorders were the most common illnesses (18%), with predominance among males. Primary causes of death were cardiorespiratory arrest secondary to complications of chronic diseases, road traffic accidents, and heat stroke. Old age, overexertion, and irregular use of medications further contributed to mortality.

Conclusion: During Hajj 2024, the PHMM observed a predominance of male patients with respiratory tract infections and musculoskeletal disorders being the most common ailments. Mortality also remained almost double among males as compared to females.